Y	One Japanese client found had difficulty in recognizing and reproducing the sound of this letter. As a result, he appeared to be saying, ear, when he was pronouncing year. Some words to pronounce for a greater awareness of the sound of Y are: yellow, Yamaguchi, yell, yet, yes, yield, yolk, your, yonder, youth
V	Distinguishing between the sound of V and the sound of B was difficult for one Japanese client. (Many Spanish-speaking persons experience the same difficulty.) Pronouncing the following words may be helpful: variation, village, vacuum, vacant, vague, valid, value, verify, Vermont, Viet Nam